Preparation and Update of Earthing PIT Layout / Cable Layout
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Preparation and Update of Earthing PIT Layout / Cable Layout
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Preparation and Update of Earthing PIT Layout / Cable Layout
The primary purpose of earthing is to avoid or minimize the danger of electrocution, fire due to earth leakage of current through undesired path and to ensure that the potential of a current carrying conductor does not rise with respect to the earth than its designed insulation.
When the metallic part of electrical appliances (parts that can conduct or allow passage of electric current) comes in contact with a live wire, maybe due to failure of installations or failure in cable insulation, the metal become charged and static charge accumulates on it. If a person touches such a charged metal, the result is a severe shock.
To avoid such instances, the power supply systems and parts of appliances have to be earthed so as to transfer the charge directly to the earth. This is why we need Electrical Earthing or Grounding in electrical installation systems.
Below are the basic needs of Earthing.
- To protect human lives as well as provide safety to electrical devices and appliances from leakage current.
- To keep voltage as constant in the healthy phase (If fault occurs on any one phase).
- To Protect Electric system and buildings form lighting.
- To serve as a return conductor in electric traction system and communication.
- To avoid the risk of fire in electrical installation systems.
Different Terms used in Electrical Earthing
- Earth: The proper connection between electrical installation systems via conductor to the buried plate in the earth is known as Earth.
- Earthed: When an electrical device, appliance or wiring systems connected to the earth through earth electrode, it is known as earthed device or simple “Earthed”.
- Solidly Earthed: When an electric device, appliance or electrical installation is connected to the earth electrode without a fuse, circuit breaker or resistance/Impedance, It is called “solidly earthed”.
- Earth Electrode: When a conductor (or conductive plate) buried in the earth for electrical earthing system. It is known to be Earth Electrode. Earth electrodes are in different shapes like, conductive plate, conductive rod, metal water pipe or any other conductor with low resistance.
- Earthing Lead: The conductor wire or conductive strip connected between Earth electrode and Electrical installation system and devices in called Earthing lead.
- Earth Continuity Conductor: The conductor wire, which is connected among different electrical devices and appliances like, different plugs and appliances etc. in other words, the wire between earthing lead and electrical device or appliance is called earth continuity conductor. It may be in the shape of metal pipe (fully or partial), or cable metallic sheath or flexible wire.
- Sub Main Earthing Conductor: A wire connected between switch board and distribution board i.e. that conductor is related to sub main circuits.
- Earth Resistance: This is the total resistance between earth electrode and earth in Ω (Ohms). Earth resistance is the algebraic sum of the resistances of earth continuity conductor, earthing lead, earth electrode and earth.
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